The city is a culturally rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations and African peoples brought to North America as slaves or indentured servants.
In addition, the city built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding. The Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. The city of Baton Rouge is the center of the Greater Baton Rouge area, the second-largest metropolitan area in Louisiana, with a population of 870,569 as of 2020, up from 802,484 in 2010. Census Bureau's 2020 tabulation, Baton Rouge had a population of 227,470 the consolidated population of Baton Rouge was 456,781 in 2020. It is also the 18th-most-populous state capital. Since 2020, the city of Baton Rouge has been the 99th-most-populous city in the United States, and second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans.
On the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish, the most-populous parish in Louisiana.
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